Rules of Thumb

Refrigeration One ton of refrigeration equals the removal of 12,000 Btu/h of heat. CAt various temperature levels; 0 to 50°F, use chilled brine and glycol solutions; -50 to 40°F, ammonia, Freons, butane; -150 to -50°F, ethane or propane. In single stage compression, the compression ratio is limited to about 4. In multistage compression, economy is improved with interstage flashing and recycling, ie: economiser operation. Absorption-refrigeration (employing ammonia to -30°F, lithium bromide to 45°F) is economical when waste steam is available at 12 psig or so. H I N T S  A N D  R U L E S Drying and Solids Conveyors for Particular Solids Cooling Towers Compressors and Vacuum Pumps Crushing and Grinding Extraction, Liquid-Liquid Crystallatisation from Solution Filtration Heat Exchangers Mixing and Agitation Particle Size Enlargement Piping Pumps Reactors Refrigeration Size Seperation of Particles Utilities, Common Specifications Vessels (Storage Tanks) C O N T A C T   D E S I G N - T H E . C O M